The Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2024 has been announced. This year, 3 scientists have received this prize. These include American scientists David Baker, John Jumper and British scientist Demis Hassabis. The prize is divided into two parts. The first part has been given to David Baker, who created a new type of protein. Protein design is a technique in which proteins with new properties are created by changing the structure of the protein. This helps in making medicines and vaccines. At the same time, the second part of the prize was given to Demis and John Jumper, who created an AI model that helped in understanding the structure of complex proteins. The new protein being used in medicine and vaccine works as a chemical tool for the human body. It controls all the chemical reactions occurring in the body which are the basis of human life. Protein is made up of about 20 different amino acids. In 2003, David Baker created a new type of protein using these amino acids. It is used in many vaccines and medicines. AI model AlphaFold helped in understanding antibiotics In the second discovery, an AI model was created to understand protein structure. Actually, amino acids in proteins are linked together in long strings that form a 3D structure. Since the 1970s, scientists were trying to understand the structure of proteins based on amino acids, but they did not succeed. In the year 2020, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper created an AI model AlphaFold 2. With its help, scientists were able to virtually understand the structure of all 20 crore proteins. Today, the AlphaFold model is used by about 2 million people in 190 countries. Understanding protein structure helped scientists to understand antibiotics better and create enzymes that break down plastic. Profile of Nobel winners The 2024 Nobel Prize has been received in the field of Physics and Medicine The announcement of the winners of the 2024 Nobel Prize started on Monday, 7 October. On the first day, Victor Ambrose and Gary Ruvkun were awarded the Nobel Prize in the field of Medicine. He has been given this prize for the discovery of micro RNA (ribonucleic acid). After this, the Nobel Prize for Physics was announced on Tuesday. This prize was given to Jeffrey E. Hinton, who is called the godfather of AI, and American scientist John J. Hopfield. He has been given this honor for the development of new technologies related to machine learning which is based on artificial neurons. This Nobel Prize distribution will continue till October 14. Scientists who won the 2023 Nobel in Chemistry The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Maungi Bawendi, Louis Bruce, Alexei Ekimov. All three are chemists of American origin. They received this honor for the discovery and development of quantum dots. Quantum dots are nanoparticles that are so small that their size determines their properties. Quantum dots are used today to illuminate computer monitors, mobiles, television screens. QLED technology is used in this. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan of Indian origin received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, one of the most prestigious scientists of Indian origin, received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in the field of molecular biology in 2009. In the year 2000, he mapped the structure of the ribosome made of hundreds of thousands of atoms using a method called X-ray crystallography. This helped a lot in making antibiotics. All the functions of the body of any organism are managed by large and complex protein molecules. These are made in the ribosomes of the cell. Their genetic information is translated into chains of amino acids through RNA. These then form proteins. Using this theory, he created the structure of the ribosome through X-ray crystallography. Venkatraman was born in 1952 in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu. He studied science in America and Britain. Apart from the Nobel Prize, Venkatraman was also awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2010. She was selected for the title of knighthood in the New Year Honours List in 2012. The atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki contained polonium, the scientist who discovered it got the Nobel. Poland-born physicist and chemist Marie Curie made many scientific discoveries along with her husband Pierre Curie. In 1898, the discovery of two new elements radium and polonium was announced. Separating the pure samples of these elements was a difficult task for Marie. It took 4 years to extract 1 decigram of radium chloride from several tons of raw ore. In 1911, Curie received her second Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of radium and polonium. A few years after Marie Curie received the honour, America dropped atomic bombs on two cities of Japan. Polonium was also a main element in the detonator of the bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki. However, Curie was not involved in the project of making the atomic bomb. The oldest Nobel Prize winner was the chemist who created the lithium battery.
The oldest Nobel Prize winner so far is John B. Goodenough. Goodenough was 97 years old when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019. He was also the oldest winner to be honored in all Nobel Prize fields. In 1980, John Goodenough developed a lithium battery with a cobalt oxide cathode. The cobalt oxide cathode can hold lithium ions at the molecular level. This cathode gave a higher voltage than earlier batteries. Goodenough’s contribution was important in the development of lithium-ion batteries. Today it is used in everything from mobile phones to electric cars. Know about the Nobel Prize…
On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament. With this, he gave the largest part of his bequest to a series of awards, the Nobel Prize. Nobel Prize is given in the field of Physiology, Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace and Economic Science. —————————————————- Also read these news related to Nobel Prize 2024… Nobel Prize in Physics to Godfather of AI and American scientist: Honored for creating the understanding of thinking in machines The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to Jeffrey E. Hinton, known as the Godfather of AI, and American scientist John J. Hopfield. They have been given this honor for the development of new technologies related to machine learning which is based on artificial neurons. With this, machines are taught to think and understand like the human brain. Read the full news here… Nobel Prize in Medicine to two American scientists: Honored for the discovery of micro RNA, it is helpful in identifying diseases like cancer, diabetes The announcement of winners for the Nobel Prize 2024 started on Monday, October 7. On the first day, the Nobel Prize was announced in the field of Medicine or Physiology. The 2024 Nobel Prize for Medicine has been awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun. They have been given this prize for the discovery of micro RNA (ribonucleic acid). Read the full news here…
